gic Arms Limitation Talk 
(các cuộc đàm phán về giới hạn vũ khí chiến lược ) 
TU : Trade Union 
(công đòan) 
UFO : Unidentified Flying Object 
(vật bay không xác định ) 
UNICEF : United Nations Interational Children's Emergency Fund 
(quỹ bảo trợ nhi đồng của liên hiệp quốc ) 
UNO :United Nations Organisation 
(tổ chức liên hiệp quốc ) 
VAT : Value Added Tax 
(thuế giá trị gia tăng ) 
VIP : Very Important Person 
(người rất quan trọng ) 
WHO : World Health Organisation 
(tổ chức y tế thế giới ) 
WAC : Women's Army Corps 
(quân đòan phụ nữ ) 

VIẾT TẮT VỀ ĐIỆN THOẠI 

0G: Zero Generation 
AAC: Advanced Audio Coding 
AMPS: Advanced Mobile Phone System 
AMTS: Advanced Telephone System 
API: Application programming Interface 

CDMA: Code Division Multiple Access 
CPDP: Cellular Digital Packet Data 
CRT: Cathode Ray Tube 

DVI: Digital Video Interface 
EMS: Enhanced Message Service 
FDMA: Frequency Division Multiple Access 
FED: Field Emission Display 

GPRS: Genaral Packet Radio Services 
GSM: Global System for Mobile Commuications (original acronym: Groupe Special Mobile) 
HSDPA: High-Speed Downlink Packet Access (3G) 
HSUPA: Hogh-Speed Uplink Packet Access (3G) 

IMTS: Improved Telephone Service 
JavaEE: Java Platform Enterprise Edition 
JavaME: Java Platform Micro Editon 
JavaSE: Java Platform Standard Edition 

LCD: Liquid Crystal Display 
LCOS: Liquid Crystal On Silicon 
LED: Light-Emitting Diode 

MIDI: Musical Instrument Digital Interface 
MMS: Multimedia Messaging Service 
MP3: MPEG-1 Audio Layer 3 
MTS: Mobile Telephone System 

PAS: Personal Access System 
PDA: Personal Digital Assistant 
PDC: Personal Digital Cellular 
PDP: Plasma Display Panel 
PHS: Personal Handy-phone System 
PTT: Push To Talk 

OLED: Organic Light-Emitting Diode 
RUIM: Removable User Identity Module (SIM for CDMA m.phone) 
SED: Surface-conduction Electron-emitter Display 
SIM: Subscriber Identity Module 
SMS: Short Message Service 
TFT: Thin-Film Transistor 
UMTS: Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (for 3G m.phone) 
USIM: Universal Subscriber Identity Module 

VGA: Video Graphics Array 
VoIP: Voice over Internet Protocol 
WAP: Wireless Application Protocol 
W-CDMA: Wideband Code Division Multiple Access (for 3G m.phone) 

ABB. OF DEGREES 

BA - Bachelor of Arts 
BS - Bachelor of Science 
EdD - Doctor of Education 
LLB - Bachelor of Laws (legum baccalaureus) 
LLM - Master of Laws (legum magister) 
MBA - Master of Business Administration 
MS - Master of Science 
BBA - Bachelor of Business Administration 
DA - Doctor of Arts 
JD - Doctor of Law 
LLD - Doctor of Laws (legum doctor) 
MA - Master of Arts 
MD - Doctor of Medicine (medicinae doctor) 
PhD - Doctor of Philosophy 

CÁC TỪ VIẾT TẮT WRITING 

Two most common abbreviations in writing. 
i.e. [id est]= that is 

e.g. [exempli gratia]= for example 

Both abbreviations are almost always separated from text by commas. 
"The best interpretation, i.e., my opinion, is that ..." 
Abbreviations used in references. 
et al. [et alia]= and others 

Used when citing a list of more than three authors to 
substitute for all the authors' names except the first. 

ibid. [ibidem]= in the same place 

Refers to immediately preceding footnote 

op. cit. [opere citato]= in the work cited 

Examples of ibid. and op. cit. 

4. R. Poirer, "Learning physics," (Academic, New York, 1993), p. 4. 
5. Ibid, p. 9. 
6. T. Eliot, "Astrophysics," (Springer, Berlin, 1989), p. 141. 
7. Poirer, op. cit., p. 89. 
8. Eliot, op. cit., p.148. 

VIẾT TẮT Ở MỸ 

A.B.= Artium Baccalaureus [Bachelor of Arts] 
abbr.= abbreviation(s), abbreviated 
Acad.= Academy 
A.D.= anno Domini [in the year of the Lord] 
alt.= altitude 
A.M.= ante meridiem [before noon]; Artium Magister [Master of Arts] 
AM= amplitude modulation 
Assn.= Association 
at. no.= atomic number 
at. wt.= atomic weight 
Aug.= August 
Ave.= Avenue 
AWOL= absent without leave 
b.= born, born in 
B.C.= Before Christ 
b.p.= boiling point 
Btu= British thermal unit(s) 
C= Celsius (centigrade) 
c.= circa [about] 
cal= calorie(s) 
Capt.= Captain 
cent.= century, centuries 
cm= centimeter(s) 
co.= county 
Col.= Colonel; Colossians 
Comdr.= Commander 
Corp.= Corporation 
Cpl.= Corporal 
cu= cubic 
d.= died, died in 
D.C.= District of Columbia 
Dec.= December 
dept.= department 
dist.= District 
div.= Division 
E= east, eastern 
ed.= edited, edition, editor(s) 
est.= established; estimated 
et al.= et alii [and others] 
F= Fahrenheit 
Feb.= February 
fl.= floruit [flourished] 
fl oz= fluid ounce(s) 
FM= frequency modulation 
ft= foot, feet 
gal.= gallon(s) 
Gen.= General, Genesis 
GMT= Greenwich mean time 
GNP= gross national product 
GOP= Grand Old Party (Republican Party) 
Gov.= governor 
grad.= graduated, graduated at 
H= hour(s) 
Hon.= the Honorable 
hr= hour(s) 
i.e.= id est [that is] 
in.= inch(es) 
inc.= incorporated 
Inst.= Institute, Institution 
Jan.= January 
Jr.= Junior 
K= Kelvin 
kg= kilogram(s) 
km= kilometer(s) 
£= libra [pound], librae [pounds] 
lat.= latitude 
lb= libra [pound], librae [pounds] 
Lib.= Library 
long.= longitude 
Lt.= Lieutenant 
Ltd.= Limited 
m= meter(s) 
M= minute(s) 
mg= milligram(s) 
mi= mile(s) 
min= minute(s) 
mm= millimeter(s) 
mph= miles per hour 
Mr.= Mister (always abbreviated) 
Mrs.= Mistress (always abbreviated) 
Msgr= Monsignor 
mt.= Mount, Mountain 
mts.= mountains 
Mus.= Museum 
N= north; Newton(s) 
NE= northeast 
no.= number 
Nov.= November 
Oct.= October 
Op.= Opus [work] 
oz= ounce(s) 
pl.= plural 
pop.= population 
pseud.= pseudonym 
pt.= part(s) 
pt= pint(s) 
pub.= published; publisher 
qt= quart(s) 
Rev.= Revelation; the Reverend 
rev.= revised 
R.N.= registered nurse 
rpm= revolution(s) per minute 
RR= railroad 
S= south 
S= second(s) 
sec= second(s); secant 
Sept.= September 
Ser.= Series 
Sgt.= Sergeant 
sq= square 
Sr.= Senior 
St.= Saint; Street 
uninc.= unincorporated 
Univ.= University 
vol.= volume(s) 
vs.= versus 
W= west; watt(s) 
wt.= weight 
yd= yard(s) 

VIẾT TẮT TRONG MAIL 

aamof = as a matter of fact 
afaict = as far as I can tell 
aiui = as I understand it 
atb = all the best 
bbfn = bye bye for now 
bbiam = be back in a minute 
bbl = be back later 
btaicbw = but then again I could be wrong 
bttp = back to the point 
cmiiw = correct me if I'm wrong 
cwyl = chat with you later 
damhik = don't ask me how I know 
dtrt = do the right thing 
dttah = don't try this at home 
ducwic = do you see what I see? 
dwisnwid = do what I say not what I do 
ftbomh = from the bottom of my heart 
fya = for your amusement 
fyi = for your information 
gfn = gone for now 
gg = got to go 
gl = good luck 
gtg = got to go 
gtgn = got to go now 
hhok = ha ha only kidding 
hoas = hold on a second 
hth = hope this helps 
iccl = I couldn't care less 
ikwum = I know what you mean 
iykwim = if you know what I mean 
iyswim = if you see what I mean 
nmp = not my problem 
noyb = none of your business 
tafn = that's all for now 
tc = take care 
tia = thanks in advance 
tlc = tender loving care 
tmiktliu = the more I know the less I understand 
ttbomk = to the best of my knowledge 
ttul = talk to you later 
ttyl = talk to you later 
twimc = to whom it may concern 
vh = virtual hug 
wdymbt = what do you mean by that? 
yhbw = you have been warned 


ĐỊNH NGHĨA VỀ GIA ĐÌNH 

FAMILY = Father And Mother, I Love You 
WIFE = Washing, Ironing, Food and Entertainment 
HUSBAND = Housing, Understanding, Sharing, Buying And Never Demand 
CHILD = Courage, Honest, Intelligent, Lovely, Don't do bad things 

GIỚI TỪ 

accuse of : buộc tội ai về cái gì 
approve of : tán thành cái gì 
assure of : đảm bảo về cái gì 
beware of : coi chừng cái gì 
boast of : khoe cái gì 
complaint of : phàn nàn 
consist of : bao gồm 
convince of ( about ) : thuyết phục 
cure of : chữa trị 
despair of : thất vọng 
dream of ( about ) : mơ 
excuse of ( for ) : tha lỗi 
expect of ( from ) : mong đợi 
hear of ( from ) : nghe nói đến 
be ( get ) rid of : tống khứ smell of : có mùi 
suspeet smb of : nghi ngờ 
think of : nghĩ về 
tire of : chán 
warn smb of : cảnh báo 
borrow from : mượn ai cái gì 
defend from : bảo vệ 
demand from : đòi hỏi ở ai 
differ from : khác với 
dismiss from : xa thải khỏi 
draw from : rút tiền 
emerge from : nổi lên, xuất hiện 1 vấn đề 
eseape from : trốn thoát 
hinder from : cản trở 
prevent from : ngăn chặn 
prohibit from : cấm 
protect from : bảo vệ 
receive from : nhận từ 
separate from : ngăn cách 
suffer from : chịu đựng 
believe in : tin 
delight in : thích 
employ in : làm thuê ở 
encourage in : động viên 
engage in : bận 
experience in : kinh nghiệm 
fail in : thất bại 
help in : giúp 
include in : bao gồm 
indulge in : đam mê 
instruct in : dạy 
invest in : đầu tư 
involve in : tham gia 
persist in : kiên trì 

- Out of =ra khỏi 
Out of date = hêt hạn 
Out of work = thất nghiệp 
Out of question = 
Out of order = hỏng 
Out ofinto = vào 

- By 
động từ chỉ chuyển động + by = đi ngang qua (walk by the library) 
động từ tĩnh + by = ở gần (your books are by the window) 
by + thời gian cụ thể = trước lúc, cho đến lúc (hành động cho đến lúc đó phải xảy ra) 
by + phương tiện giao thông = đi bằng (by bus, by bicycle) 
by then = cho đến lúc đó (dùng cho cả QK và TL) 
by way of= theo đường... 
by the way = một cách tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên 
by the way = by the by = nhân đây, nhân tiện 
by far + so sánh (thường là so sánh bậc nhất)=>dùng để nhấn mạnh 
by accident = by mistake = tình cờ, ngẫu nhiên 

- In = bên trong 
In + month/year 
In time for = In good time for = Đúng giờ (thường kịp làm gì, hơi sớm hơn giờ đã định một chút) 
In the street = dưới l